Judith is from the Hebrew Yehudit (יְהוּדִית) — "woman of Judea, praised." *The biblical Judith — heroine of the deuterocanonical Book of Judith (c. 100 BCE), a beautiful widow of Bethulia who entered the camp of the besieging Assyrian general Holofernes, gained his trust, and beheaded him with his own sword while he slept drunk — saving the Israelite city. The scene of Judith with the severed head became one of the most-painted subjects of the Italian and Dutch Renaissance — by Caravaggio (1599), Artemisia Gentileschi (1612-13, twice), Cristofano Allori, Donatello, Giorgione, Botticelli, Klimt (1901), and Gustav Klimt's Judith II (1909). A top-50 US baby name from 1936 to 1949, peaking at #32 in 1940. Judith Butler (born 1956) — American philosopher; Gender Trouble* (1990). Judith Sheindlin — "Judge Judy." Judith Jamison (1943-2024) — Alvin Ailey artistic director.
Subject of countless biblical commentaries and Mary D. Garrard's Artemisia Gentileschi (1989).
In Pythagorean numerology the letters of Judith reduce to 9, The Giver. This is a traditional interpretive system, not a factual claim about the name.