Madoka is from the Japanese madoka (円 — circle, completeness, harmonious fullness). Madoka Yonezawa (born 1980) — Japanese voice actress. Princess Madoka — modern Japanese anime heritage naming.
Madoka does not currently appear in the US Social Security Administration's top 1,000 girls' names, so we don't publish a US rank or birth count for it. That says nothing about the name's standing elsewhere in the world — only that it sits outside the ranked US data we rely on.
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In Pythagorean numerology the letters of Madoka reduce to 9, The Giver. This is a traditional interpretive system, not a factual claim about the name.