Catherine has been continuously used in English since the 12th century, when crusaders brought back devotion to Saint Catherine. The current Princess of Wales is also Catherine. Today the formal name sits in the U.S. top 200.
Catherine does not currently appear in the US Social Security Administration's top 1,000 girls' names, so we don't publish a US rank or birth count for it. That says nothing about the name's standing elsewhere in the world — only that it sits outside the ranked US data we rely on.
In Pythagorean numerology the letters of Catherine reduce to 2, The Peacemaker. This is a traditional interpretive system, not a factual claim about the name.