Gold gets named for two reasons that pull in different directions: it is precious, and it is the colour of light.
Latin aurum is usually connected to a root meaning to glow, the same one behind aurora, the dawn. If that connection holds — and it is widely accepted, though not beyond argument — then gold in Latin is named for looking like sunrise rather than for being valuable. Persian zar and Sanskrit hiraṇya are Indo-Iranian cousins, inherited from a common ancestor, and both sit at the root of a long list of names.
Turkic altın is unrelated to any of these and productive in its own right across Kazakh, Kyrgyz and Turkish. Greek chrysós is unrelated again; its own origin is debated, with some scholars proposing a Semitic source, which would make it a very early borrowing rather than an inheritance. We note the debate rather than settle it.
The second thread on this page is the pairing of gold with hair, eyes or skin, which runs through European naming in particular. It is worth reading those names with some care. Many of them began as descriptions of a specific person and only later became general-purpose names, and the aesthetic standard they encode is a local and historical one, not a universal.
The same root, across a whole language family
These are attested shared morphemes — not coincidences of spelling. Where we are not confident a root is shared, we say nothing and simply list the names.